For the most part, in the Western world, astrology kept its low profile until a reemergence and renewal during the European Renaissance (ranging in date anywhere from 1453 - 1598 to as late as the 1670s). Spurred on in Italy by the Medicis, the philosopher, astrologer, and Catholic priest Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499), along with the revival of Greek neo-Platonic philosophies - astrology once again began gaining prominence among many of the scholastics of the day.

During the European Renaissance (ranging from 1453 - 1670) the vast majority of Western astrologers were practicing Christians. In fact, one of the more notable English astrologers during the latter Renaissance period, William Lilly (1602-1681), remonikered astrology as being "Christian Astrology," although it's thought by some that this naming was to keep the still rather powerful (and vacillating) Christian church leadership at bay.
The, all too brief, European Renaissance was then followed by the bright rationalistic light of the Age of Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution of the 17th century AD, with the scholastic world finally determining, once and for all, that the Earth was not the center of the universe.