My cousin cut a staff from oak for me 12 yrs ago on my 21st birthday, he blessed the tree first and asked for a branch, took one and then blessed and thanked the tree again.
I shaved, cleaned and carved a knob atop my staff, engaved my favourite rune on the centre of the knob and a runic prayer of protection down the side of my staff. I also carved a spiral on every bump of the staff (i love spirals) every night before i go to bed i use my staff direct it toward each of the windows and doors & trace protection rune on each, then i place my staff next to the head of my bed.
You must learn the rune before carving them as they can cause illness or worse if not used properly.
this seems like a good link to give you some ideas:
http://home.earthlink.net/~wodensharrow/runemaking.html
(no doubt Earl will let us know if it's not correct

)