Libra did not exist in the ancient world until very late. Before, Scorpio spread over two-twelfths of the
zodiac and what we call Libra today was the Scorpion’s claws. As we can see from the night time sky, Scorpio is next to the great hunter Orion. Modern scholars assume that Scorpio had come from ancient Babylonian to the West. While that may be true, there is a question which we must always ask: "Why did the Greeks keep this monster and adopt it from the Middle East?" It is impossible to know.
As for Libra, they were the Chelae or Claws before they were transformed into the scales or balance. The change to a separate and different constellation appears to have occurred during Roman times when the claws were referred to as Jugum, the Voke or Beam, of the Balance. It was probably transformed, because of the autumnal equinox when Libra weighs and balances night and day. It appears that Libra does appear in the Julian calendar when it is instituted by Caesar who was then Pontifex Maximus.
By Kalev Pehme
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