Panchaanga.
Traditionally a Horoscope is handmade and calculated from a Panchaanga. Roughly Panchaanga may be translated as a Almanac.
Literally it means Five Limbs. Here the five limbs referred to are the five ways of time divisions corresponding to the five elements.

Below we give an image of the traditional Janam Kundali or Jataka or Tevaa or Janma Patrikaa as it is called in different parts of India.

Also we give an Image of a page from a Panchaanga so that those who have never seen one can get an idea of the most basic tool in the kit of a traditional Jyotish.
We will go in detail about the calculation, meaning and usage of these important part of Jyotish learning.

The image attached will show the initial information given in a traditional Horoscope. It is the Panchaanga detail pertaining to the birth of the native and it is given prime importance by being the first thing to be mentioned. This will give you an idea as to the importance of Panchaanga.

Panchaanga (Pronounced Punch + aanga)
Panch means five and Anga means Body parts (Limbs).
Panchaanga in Jyotish refers to the Almanac cum ephemeris published in India.
The great regional and communal diversity gives rise to many different calendars in India. Most of the calendars start from the day of coronation of different Kings of ancient or medieval Kings. But the commonly followed is from the start of Kali yuga.
The five limbs are
Vaara - Weekday
Tithi - Sinodic day
Nakshatra - Asterism
Karana - half of a Tithi
Yoga - Union or Addition

The Pancha mahaabhuta (five elements or states of matter) are mapped onto the Panchaanga as below:
Vaara is Agni, fire
Tithi is Jala, liquid
Karaana is Prithvi, solid
Nakshatra is Vaayu, gaseous
yoga is Aakaasha, Space

These elements are the state in which various forms of matter are formed.
The body is also made up of these five elements and hence the importance of Panchaanga.

RishiRahul and vivek

Dear Vivek ji and Rahul ji,
Can you please tell what is the purpose behind this chapter. Do you want us to know and understand the calculation or this is just to know
how real life jyotishis work and what Panchanga looks like.

Regards,
Raman

Dear Vivek and Rahul ji,
Why these 5 elements are divided as follows

Vaara is Agni, fire
Tithi is Jala, liquid
Karaana is Prithvi, solid
Nakshatra is Vaayu, gaseous
yoga is Aakaasha, Space

in between Vaara,Tithi, Karaana nakshatra and yoga.
Any particular reason behind it.
Raman